高三英语第十单元The Trick (计谋) |
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C . helped D . have helped
由于定语从句用了省略形式，往往把 can 当成从句谓语的一部分，导致误选A。其实这是不定式用作目的状语，应选B。
◇ 定语从句中的分离现象
There are 800 students in the playground of our school , 55% ____ are girls .
A . of them B . in them C . of which D . of whom
此题考查的是非限制性定语从句，先行词和定语从句被地点状语分隔开来，故选D。若此题改逗号为分号，则应选A，因为分号表示前后两句意义上相互联系，结构上相对独立。
He is one of those students who , I am sure , always do ____ best .
A . his B . their C . my D . one\'s
从表面上看答案似乎是C，但如果注意到前面的 who , 答案就明确了。此题定语从句中的关系代词 who 和谓语动词 do 被 I am sure 分隔开来了。因此正确答案为B。
◇ 连锁疑问句中的分离现象
____ would you say ____ be done ?
A . Why , it should B . Why , should it
C . What , should it D . How , that it should
此题不少学生错选D。原因是不了解此结构是连锁疑问句。其结构为“疑问词+一般问句+特殊问句的其余部分”，往往用来征询对某一疑问点的判断、认识、看法、猜度等。在这种问句中一般问句部分常见的动词有 think , guess , say , suppose , hope , imagine , believe等。此题中疑问词被移至句首，故选A。
— I haven\'t heard from him for a long time .
— What do you suppose ____ to him ?
A . was happening B . to happen C . has happened D . had happened
粗心者十有八九会选B。实质上此题也是一种连锁疑问句，特殊问句中的 what 移至句首。该句强调的是过的动作对现在造成的影响，因此用现在完成时，故选C。
◇ 动词短语中的分离现象
If better use is ____ your space time , you\'ll make greater progress in that .
A . spent B . taken C . made of D . used for
此题正确答案为C。乍一看，选C似乎不可思议，认为“be made of”应是“由……制成”之意。实质上此题考查的是短语“make use of”的用法，use 从原结构中分离出来充当条件句中的主语，因此谓语动词用被动式。
What idea can a man who is blind from birth have ____ colour ?
A . of B . in C . for D . with
不少学生误选B，认为“在颜色这方面”。其实此题考查的是“have (some , little , no…)idea of”结构。其中 who is blind from birth 是修饰 a man 的定语从句。该句中的“what idea”是疑问词被移至句首，故选A。
◇ 不定式复合结构中的分离现象
Who did the teacher have ____ an article for the wall newspaper just now ?
A . written B . writing C . write D . to writer
做此题时，首先要理清句子结构，理解 have 的确切含义， have 在此句中意为“请(让、叫)”。该句考查的是“have sb . do sth . ”结构，have 的受动宾语疑问词 who 被移至句首，故选C。
Whom had you better ____ it ?
A . to let do B . let to do C . to let to do D . let do
此题考查两种结构的用法：1 . had better do sth . ; 2 . let sb . do sth . 。此题题意为“你最好让谁做这件事呢 ? ”let 的受动宾语 whom 移到了句首，故选D。
◇ 主谓一致中的分离现象
Everybody in our country , men and women , old and young , ____ sports and games .
A . enjoy B . were enjoying C . enjoys D . are enjoying
此题主语和谓语被同位语分隔了。同位语对主语只起修饰、解释、说明的作用，不影响 everybody 的单数性质，故此题选C。
Miss Green as well as Mr and Mrs Green ____ devoted ____ spare time to the research work .
A . has ; her B . have ; their C . have ; her D . has ; their
此题正确答案为A。当主语后面跟 as well as , with , together with , but , including , besides 等连接的名词或代词时，谓语动词和其前面的名词或代词在人称和数方面保持一致。
【妙文赏析】
科普系列阅读 （二）
◆ Rockets in the Sky
What is the sky ? Where is it ? How high is it ? What lies above the sky ? I am sure that you have asked questions like these . They are very difficult to answer , aren\'t they ?
Perhaps we can answer some of these questions now . What is the sky ? It is vast space . Where is the sky ? It is all around the world . In the sky there is the sun , the moon , and all the stars .
Scientists have always wanted to know more about space . They use telescopes to obtain information . But this is not enough . So they want to send men to some of the other worlds in space .
The moon is the nearest heavenly body to the earth . An airplane cannot fly to the moon , because the air only reaches a height of 240 kilometres . Then there is no air . But a rocket can fly even when there is on air .
A rocket is made of metal there is a hot gas inside it . When it rushes out of the end of the rocket , the rocket is pushed up into the air .
Rockets can fly far out into space . Rockets have already taken men to the moon . One day they may be able to go anywhere in space.
NOTES : ⑴ vast adj . 广阔 ⑵ obtain v . 获得
EXERCISES: 请回答下列问题
⑴ What is the sky and where is it ?
⑵ In order to know more about space , what did scientists do ?
⑶ Why can\'t we fly to the moon in an airplane ?
⑷ what pushes a rocket up into the air ?
⑸ Can we be sure men will be able to go anywhere in space one day ?
〖译文与答案〗
空中火箭
天空是什么？它在哪儿？它有多高？天空的上方存在着什么？我确信你问过类似这样的问题。这些问题是很难回答的，不是吗？
或许现在我们能够回答这些问题中的一些。天空是什么？它是广阔的空间。天空在哪里？它遍及全球。天空中有太阳、月亮以及所有的星星。
科学家们总是想更多地了解太空。他们用望远镜来获取信息，但这是不够的。因此他们要把人送到太空中的其他星球上去。
月球是离地球最近的天体。飞机不能飞到月球上去，是因为飞机只能到达 24 万米的高度，再往上就没有空气了，但火箭即便在无空气时也能飞行。
火箭由金属制成，里成有一种热的气体，气体从火箭末端冲出来时，火箭被推向空中。
火箭能够飞出地球进入太空。火箭已经载人到了月球。会有那么一天，它们也许能够进入太空的任何地方。
答案：⑴ The sky is vast space and it is all around the world . ⑵ They used telephones to obtain information and they wanted to send men to some of the other worlds in space . ⑶ Because the air only reaches a height of 240 kilometres , then there\'s no air . ⑷ A rocket is made of metal . There\'s a hot gas inside it . When it rushes out of the end of the rocket , the rocket is pushed up into the air .
◆ Flying
Men have always wanted to fly like birds . Birds can fly easily because they are light , but men\'s bodies are heavier .
Men first went up into the air in balloons . These are big bags , and they are filled with gas . Hydrogen is a useful gas for balloons . It is lighter than air . Helium is also lighter than air , but it costs a lot of money . So balloons were (and are ) usually filled with hydrogen .
Balloons have to fly with the wind as they have no engines to drive them against it . Later , men made airships . These were balloons with engines , but they were also filled with hydrogen and some of them caught fire because the hydrogen escaped and the engines heated it . Then the airship was completely burnt in a few seconds .
Aircraft with wings now take people across the world . Powerful engines drive these machines across the sky . Some of the engines are like the engines of cars , but they are more powerful .
There is another kind of engine which we call the jet engine . An English engineer invented the jet engine . In May 1942 his new engine was fixed in an aircraft , and the aircraft flew quite well . At the same time he Germans were also building a jet engine ; but neither country told the other , of course .
Jet engines are very powerful . Usually two , three or four are enough for an aeroplane ; but some big aircraft have six . Anyone in a moving jet plane can feel the power of the engines . Jet planes can travel faster than sound (Sound travels at about 1100 feet a second . That is about 760 miles an hour .) As a flying jet plane leaves its noise behind it , we do not hear it until it has gone .
Notes : ⑴ hydrogen n .氢气 ⑵ helium n . 氦气 ⑶ be filled with 充满
Exercises : 请回答下列问题
⑴ Which costs more money , balloons filled with hydrogen or those filled with helium ?
⑵ What were airships ?
⑶ Why did some of the airships catch fire ?
⑷ When was the first jet engine fixed in an aircraft ?
⑸ How many jet engines are usually enough for an aeroplane ?
〖译文与答案〗
飞 行
人类总想像鸟一样地飞行。鸟儿能够轻易地飞行是因为它们身体轻，但是人类的躯体可就重多了。
人类最初是通过气球进入空中的，这些气球是充满气体的大袋子。氢气对于气球来说是一种有用的气体，它比空气轻多了。氦也是一种比空气轻的气体，但是它太昂贵了，因此气球通常都是装满氢气的。
由于气球没有发动机来作动力，所以气球不得不顺风飞行。后来，人类创造了飞艇，它们是具有发动机的气球，但不是圆的，而是长的，发动机在后面。它们也是被充满氢气；其中一些不幸失火，是由于氢气泄漏后发动机加热而引燃，几秒钟之后，飞艇就整个燃烧起来。
现在有翼的飞机可以带着人们穿越世界，强有力的发动机载着机器横过天空，一些发动机就像小汽车一样，但比它们的功率大得多。
还有一种我们称之为喷气式装置的发动机。一位英国工程师发明了这种喷气式发动机。1941 年5月，他发明的新发动机安装在一个飞机里，这个飞机飞行得很好。与此同时，德国人也建造了一个喷气式飞机发动机，当然两个国家都没告诉对方。
喷气式发动机马力很大。通常在一个飞机里装有两个、三个或四个已经足够了，但一些大的飞机要装六个。在一个正在运动着的喷气式飞机里，任何一个人都可以感觉到这些发动机的力量。喷气式飞机的速度要比声音的传播速度快（声音一 秒钟传播约1100英尺，也就是1 小时传播760 英里）。一个飞行着的喷气式飞机只有它飞过后我们才可听到噪声。
答案：⑴ Balloon filled with helium . ⑵ Airships were balloons with engines , but they were not round .They were long , and the engines were at the back . ⑶ Because airships were also filled with hydrogen and some of them caught fire because hydrogen escaped and the engines heated it . Then the airship was completely burnt . ⑷ In May , 1941 . ⑸ Usually two , three or four are enough for an aeroplane , but some big aircraft have six .
【思维体操】
A Riddle Story
It happened in a small village . The weather was bad and the farmers couldn\'t get good harvests . Most people were poor and few of them could send their children to school . Only Robert whose uncle was a policeman and worked in a town was in school for three years . So he thought himself the cleverest man in the world and always looked down upon others . One evening the young man went out for a walk and saw several farmers talking under a big tree . He joined them and soon he thought they were all foolish .
“Well , Mr Know-all , ”said an old farmer . “Are you good at guessing any riddles ?”
“Yes , I can guess all kinds of riddles !”the young man said without thinking .
“Please listen to me , then , ”said the old man . “Mr Smith has seven children . Autumn came and the apples were ripe . So he sent one to hold the ladder , two to pick apples and three to take the fruit home . And how many stayed at home ? ”
Mr Know-all thought for a long time and answered , “One ! ”
“You are wrong , ”a little boy returned . “Two persons stayed at home ! ”
All the farmers began to laugh at the young man . And do you know why ?
〖释疑〗There were eight people in the house (Mr Smith and his seven children ) . The farmer sent six to work in the garden . So there were two people left at home .
三、智能显示
【心中有数】
■ 单元热点测试突破
易错常考的“情态动词+ have done”结构
在本单元出现了多处 “情态动词+ have done”表达推测。如：Something may have happened to her . 该结构经常用于 NMET 测试中，请同学们勿必引起高度的重视。下面是常见的形式：
◇ must + have done (have been doing) 表示对过去情况的推测，只用于肯定句，意思是“一定……”。对过去的否定推测用 couldn\'t have + done 。对现在的否定推测用 can\'t be 。
Her eyes were red , she must have been crying . 她两眼通红，一定一直在哭。
You must have left your handbag in the theatre last night , I think . 我想你一定把手提包丢在剧场了。
He can\'t be Li Ming . Li Ming is taller than him by a head .
She couldn\'t have gone to the cinema yesterday afternoon , because he was staying with us all the day long .
◇ should (ought to) + have done 表示“本来应该做而实际上没做”，其否定式则表示“本来不该做而实际上做了”，常含有责备的语气。
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