高三英语第十单元The  Trick (计谋)

科目 英语
年级 高三
文件　high3 unit10.doc
标题 The Trick (计谋)
章节 第十单元
关键词 高三英语第十单元
内容
一、教法建议
【抛砖引玉】
■ 大纲规定的单元日常核心交际用语指南
Prediction , Conjecture and Belief (预见、猜测和相信)
● Idiomatic Sentences 功能套语
1. I guess she\'s gone to visit some friends in another town . 我想她是去另一个城镇拜访朋友去了。
2. That\'s possible , but we can\'t be sure . 那有可能，但我们不能确定。
3. Something may have happened to her . 很可能他发生了啥事。
4. She might have + done … 她有可能已经……
She might have left for holiday . 她有可能去度假了。
5. She must have + done …
She must have gone to the public library . 她一定是去公共图书馆了。
6. It seems that … 好象……
It seems that she has known the examination marks . 好象她已经知道了考试的结果。
7. It looks as if … 好象……
It looks as if the boy is anxious about his sick father . 那个男孩好象很为有病的父亲担忧。
8. Obviously she\'s gone somewhere to stay . 很显然她去别的某个地放了。
9. I \'m sure … 我可以肯定地是……
I \'m sure that you will be given a warm welcome . 你放心，你肯定能受到热烈的欢迎的。
10. In actual fact , I think you\'re right . 实际上， 我倒认为你是对的。
11. I can\'t guess how much it costs . 我猜不出要多少钱。
12. Can you guess his age ?
13. He must come from the northwest . 他一定是来自西北。
14. You must be joking ! 你一定是在开玩笑 ！
15. They must have arrived by plane . 他们一定是乘飞机来的。
16. I seem to have caught a cold . 我似乎得了感冒。
17. It seems that he\'s not in at the moment . 他现在好象不在家里。
18. There seems no need to grow now . 现在似乎没有必要去了。
19. It appears to be endless . 似乎没有止境。
20. You appear to have travelled quite a lot . 你似乎去过了不少的地方。
21. It appeared that she had a taste for music . 她似乎很喜欢音乐。
22. I believe it to be true . 我相信这是真的。
23. I don\'t believe that it matters too much . 我认为这事关系不大。
24. There seems to be a good film tonight .
25. It seems that the petrol prices will increase this summer .
26. He can\'t have saved much money . 他不可能节约了很多的钱。
27. It\'s obvious that we are running out of our food . 很显然我们的食物快用完了。
● Model Dialogues 交际示范
A
A：Excuse me , Where are you from ?
B：Can you guess ?
A：You must come from Australia , don\'t you ?
B：Yes , I do . How did you guess ?
A：The way you speak ! Which part of Australia are you from ?
B：Plumtree . That\'s a small village near Sydney .
B
A：Hello . May I speak to Mr Wu ?
B：Sorry he has gone to Guangzhou .
A：I saw him this morning . When did he leave ?
B：Twelve o\'clock . He must have arrived by now .
A：Oh , what a pity ! When will he be back ?
B：It seems that he won\'t be back until next Wednesday .
A：Ok , thanks . Bye !
B：Bye !
■ 单元核心句型剖析
1. ( Lesson 37 ) It\'s not like her to have missed two days of classes .
一两天不来上课，她不是这样的人。
〖剖析〗It\'s (just) like sb to do sth “某人（恰恰）就是这个样子”，表示表扬或者不满，其否定式则表示怀疑。如：
It\'s like him to leave the work to others . 他就是把工作推给别人的人。
It was like him to fail us at the last minute . 他就是这样，在关键时刻让我们失望。
It\'s just like her to think of others before thinking of herself . 她恰恰就是先人后己的人。
It isn\'t like him to have said anything like that .他可不是说出那种话的人。
It isn\'t like her to have spent so much money . 花掉这么多钱，我看这不像她做得出来的事。
◆ 下面两句不一样：It\'s not like her to have missed two days of classes .
一两天不来上课，她不是这样的人。（不上课的事已经发生）
It\'s not like her to miss two days of classes .
她不是那种两天不来上课的人。（并未发生过不上课的事，只是泛泛而谈）
◆ to have missed 是非谓语动词的完成式，表示动作早已完成。是高考测试中的重要知识点。又如：
（1）It isn\'t like him to have told a lie to the manager . 他不是给经理撒谎的那种人吧。
（2）I\'m glad to have seen your headmaster yesterday .
（3）He is said to have written a novel about the Long March . 据说他写了一本关于长征的小说。
（4）They thought it a pity not to have invited them . 他们认为没有邀请他们是令人遗憾的。
（5）I regretted to have missed such good chances . 我遗憾的是错过了这些好机会。
2. （Lesson 39 ）The moment he entered the room , Bill fixed the chain across the door . 比尔一进入房间，就用链条把卧室的门扣上。
〖剖析〗这是复合句，其句型为：the + 时间名词 + 时间从句 + 主句。the moment … 表示“一……就”，相当于 as soon as 。注意从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。如：
We started the moment we got your telegram .
The moment I heard your voice I knew that you were very angry with me .
The moment he comes , let me know .
The moment you set foot on Chinese soil you will see what great changes have taken place in the past 5o years .
◆ 在中学英语中，一些名词词组具有连词的作用，现归纳如下，供同学们学习参考。
◇ the + 瞬间名词 (instant , moment , minute , etc . ) ，意为“一……就……”。例如：
The instant the result came out she told us about it . 结果一出来，她就告诉了我们。
The machine starts the moment the button is pressed . 一按电钮，机器就开动了。
◇ the + 季节名词 (spring , summer , autumn , winter)。例如：
He came back the autumn his sister got married . 他妹妹结婚的那年秋天他回来了。
Jack went to Beijing the winter his mother was ill . 他妈妈有病的那年冬天杰克去了北京。
◇ the + 序数词 + time。例如：
The second time we met , he replied to a lot of questions . 我们第二次见面时，他回答了不少问题。
He came to see my mother the first time he came to London . 他第一次到伦敦就来看我母亲。
◇ 不定代词 each , every , any + time。例如：
Each time he came to Paris he would visit the museum . 他每次到巴黎都要去参观那个博物馆。
You\'re welcome to come back any time you want to . 你什么时候回来，我们都欢迎你。
◇ the + day , week , year……。例如：
He called on me the day he arrived . 他到的那天来看我了。
Tom didn\'t go to school the week the teacher was ill . 老师生病的那个星期，汤姆没去上学。
◇ 其它词组。例如：
I didn\'t see how he could act the way he did . 我不懂他怎么能那样做。
He doesn\'t study hard the way his elder brother does . 他不像他哥哥那样努力地学习。
■ 单元语法难点排除
直接引语变间接引语的 10 个注意点
本单元的语法要求是复习间接引语（Indirect Speech）和直接引语( Direct Speech )。同学们要通过本单元系统掌握表示请求或者命令的直接引语（祈使句）变成间接引语的方法。掌握当直接引语是一个陈述句时，在变成间接引语时应把这个陈述句变成由连词 that 引导的宾语从句，并根据意思改变人称和时态以及时间或者地点状语。下面是必须灵活驾驭的知识要点：
〖注意点 1 〗直接引语到间接引语的时态有变化。如直接引语的现在完成时变成间接引语的过去完成时等。时态变化中应注意：
直接引语表述的是客观真理时，间接引语中的时态不变。
Our teacher said , “The earth moves around the sun . ” →
Our teacher said that the earth moves around the sun .
直接引语是过去完成时，变间接引语时时态不变。
The boy said to his parents , “I had finished my homework before supper .”→
The boy told his parents that he had finished his homework before supper .
直接引语变成间接引语时，虚拟语气不变。
“We wish we didn\'t have to take exams . ”said the children . →
The children said that they wished they didn\'t have to take exams .
〖注意点 2 〗 指示代词、人称代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词也有变化。如直接引语中的 now变为 间接引语的 then 等。
注意如果转述发生在当地、当天的事，直接引语中的 come , here , today , this morning , yesterday , tomorrow 等不必改变。
He said , “I want this . ”→ He said that he wanted that .
He said , “I arrived yesterday morning .” → He said he had arrived the morning before .
He said , “I\'ll come here this evening .”→ He said he would come here this evening .
〖注意点 3 〗直接引语是陈述句，间接引语为 that 引导的宾语从句。
She said to me , “I\'m studying Japanese these days .”→
She told me (that)she was studying Japanese those days .
〖注意点 4 〗 直接引语是一般疑问句时，间接引语为whether / if 引导的宾语从句。
Mr Howe asked , “Are you preparing for it ?”→
Mr Howe asked whether we were preparing for it .
如果是表示建议时可用 suggest / advise 来完成。
“Shall we meet at the theatre ?”he said . → He suggested that we should meet at the theatre . = He suggested meeting at the theatre .
〖注意点 5 〗 直接引语是特殊疑问句时，间接引语为连接代词（副词）引导的宾语从句。
He asked , “Which one do you like best ?”→ He asked which one you liked best .
〖注意点 6 〗 直接引语是反意疑问句时，间接引语为 whether / if 引导的宾语从句。
He asked , “You have succeeded , haven\'t you ?”→ He asked us if we had succeeded .
也可以将疑问部分的主语作间接引语中的宾语。
“Shut the door , will you ?”→ He told / asked me to shut the door .
〖注意点 7 〗 直接引语是祈使句时应把间接引语的句式改为 ask , tell , order 等+ 宾语 + 不定式。间接引语有时可以用 that 引导的宾语从句。以 let 开头的祈使句变间接引语时要选用 suggest + ing ， suggest + that 从句，ask sb to do , advise sb to 。
The Party secretary said , “Let\'s do our best to win still greater victory .”→ The Party secretary advised that we should do our best to win still greater victory .
〖注意点 8 〗直接引语是感叹句时可以用 what / how 引导。间接引语是祝愿时用 wish 。
“ How fast he runs ! ”he said . → He said how fast he ran . = He said that he ran very fast . He said ,“Happy new year ! ”→ He wished me a happy new year .
〖注意点 9 〗 直接引语中有多种句式时，间接引语按照各自的句式转换。
“I can hardly hear the radio .”he said .“Could you turn it up ?”→
He said he could hardly hear the radio and asked me to turn it up .
〖注意点 10 〗如果直接引语中后一句说明前一句的原因时，可以用 as 来替代第二句的引导词。
“You\'d better wear a coat . It\'s very cold outside .”he said .→
He advised me to wear a coat as it was very cold outside .
【指点迷津】
■ 单元重点新词透视
1. pause 作名词或者动词是“ 中止，暂停”
He often paused in his speech . 他讲演时常常停下来。
He made a short pause and then went on reading . 他停顿了一下，然后接着读下去。
〖测试要点〗
(1) 辨析 pause 和 stop
pause 是短暂的中断或停止。stop 是突然、断然的终止。
He stopped talking with his friends . 他停止与朋友交谈。（stop + ing 停止干）
He stopped to talk with his friends . 他停下来与朋友交谈。（stop + to do 停下来干）
The foreign guests paused to look round the park . 那些外宾在公园里停下来看看四周。
He began to speak but suddenly stopped .
The speaker paused for breath .
Jane paused to look into a shoe window . 简停下脚步，看一看橱窗。
（2）词组：at pause 中止，停顿。make a pause 停顿一下。without a pause 没有休息。pause on / upon 在……停顿一下。
2. aloud 大声地；出声地
She cried aloud for help . 她大声呼救。
Read the text aloud please . 请朗读课文。
〖测试要点〗辨析 aloud , loud , loudly
aloud 强调发出的声音虽然不一定很大，但能听得见，不是窃窃私语。aloud 没有比较级。
He read the letter aloud .
He reads the story aloud to his young son . 他朗读那篇故事给他小儿子听。
He laughed loudly . 他大笑起来。
think （out） aloud 自言自语
She has a good pronunciation when she reads aloud .
loud 作副词 = loudly ,“响亮地，大声地，高声地” 但强调发出的音量大，传得远的声音，一般多用于动词 speak , talk , laugh , read 等的后面。loud 还作形容词，有比较级和最高及。
In order to be heard , the teacher speaks loud and clear .
We shouted as loud / loudly as we could . = We shouted at the top of our voices / lungs .
Speak louder , please

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